Ideas from 'Discourse on Metaphysics' by Gottfried Leibniz [1686], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Philosophical Essays' by Leibniz,Gottfried (ed/tr Arlew,R /Garber,D) [Hackett 1989,0-87220-062-0]].
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 6. Ockham's Razor
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19342
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Reason avoids multiplying hypotheses or principles
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8. Modes of Existence / C. Powers and Dispositions / 1. Powers
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12711
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The immediate cause of movements is more real [than geometry]
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9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / a. Substance
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19349
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The complete notion of a substance implies all of its predicates or attributes
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9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance
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7558
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Substances mirror God or the universe, each from its own viewpoint
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9. Objects / C. Structure of Objects / 2. Hylomorphism / b. Form as principle
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16761
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Forms are of no value in physics, but are indispensable in metaphysics
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9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 1. Essences of Objects
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13088
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Subjects include predicates, so full understanding of subjects reveals all the predicates
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / d. Haecceitism
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13085
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Leibniz is some form of haecceitist [Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
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12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 5. Empiricism Critique
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5024
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Knowledge doesn't just come from the senses; we know the self, substance, identity, being etc.
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16. Persons / D. Continuity of the Self / 2. Mental Continuity / a. Memory is Self
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5027
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If a person's memories became totally those of the King of China, he would be the King of China
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16. Persons / F. Free Will / 1. Nature of Free Will
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5023
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Future contingent events are certain, because God foresees them, but that doesn't make them necessary
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16. Persons / F. Free Will / 6. Determinism / a. Determinism
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2119
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People argue for God's free will, but it isn't needed if God acts in perfection following supreme reason
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17. Mind and Body / A. Mind-Body Dualism / 4. Occasionalism
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5025
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Mind and body can't influence one another, but God wouldn't intervene in the daily routine
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / a. Preconditions for ethics
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5026
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Animals lack morality because they lack self-reflection
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